Each Tuesday night, I will be posting a few facts and pieces of information about new animal advancements. This week I've included a few interesting facts I recently learnt at last week's 2012 Equine Science Symposium.
I'll be interested in hearing your thoughts on some of the below ideas, as always feel free to contact me on Facebook or by email!
Hope to speak to you all soon,
Rod
Horse
science snipets from the Equine Symposium [or as others might say “Random Stuff”]
The Australasian Equine Science Symposium presents
research from ‘Genomics to the Winning Post’ from scientists, veterinarians and
industry people around Australia, New Zealand and some from the USA. The
following are some summary snipets that might be of interest.
1. The
digestibility of the starch fraction of cereal grains fed to horses varies
considerable – yet it is a very important when developing feed rations. As you
know ‘cooking’ of grains can dramatically improve starch digestion in the small
intestines. However, the variables [moisture adsorption, temperature, duration
of processing] in manufacturing can cause variation >25%. Extruded is the
best, then micronized and then steam flaked processing with varying
effectiveness between manufacturers has implications for feed use efficiency,
and hindgut health. Problematically, stock feed manufacturers do not have any
obligation to quantify the digestibility value of the processed grain. So
continue to take care with your ration formulations – for horses in hard work,
and for ponies and pensioners at maintenance.
2. In Americian feeding comparisons, hay and
grain, pelleted hay+grain, and cubed hay+grain for young horses demonstrated
that the cubed feed resulted in the best feed efficiency and without incidence
of stomach ulcers. Note – with dry pastures, copra meal provides an ideal
supplement that safely improves energy and protein intake to ensure
maintenance.
3. Stress
of weanlings when first weaned and stabled was mitigated by music. ‘Calming’
music was played during the day, resulting in less time walking, and more time
eating. And when a stallion was walked past, music reduced the immediate
increase and duration of elevated heart rate, indicating less stress. The
‘quality’ of the music is important!
4. The
importance of early exercise has been supported by physiological, clinical and
epidemiological data. In wild horse populations, foals are capable of covering
up to 10 km per day within 9 days of birth. Foals had a positive response to
early pre weaning paddock exercise [greater cartilage health] and more recent
work has demonstrated that exercise over and above that normally occurring with
pasture reared foals, introduced as early as 3 weeks-old, had positive effects
on the musculoskeletal system. The ‘quality’ of this extra early exercise is of
‘key’ importance.
5. Despite
the significant research achievements, the dynamics of horse infection from
flying foxes is not completely understood. Both QLD and NSW government reports
suggest that most infections have occurred in horses that might have been
hungry. A review of pasture growth by an independent horse breeder supports
this issue because no subtropical pasture growth occurs during winter early
spring. A hungry horse is more likely to consume bat related material found on short
pastures setting the scene for a HeV spill-over.
6. A
positive update on the Hendra virus. A prototype vaccination of nonhuman
primates has been 100% effective in protecting when challenged with the virus.
Also, the imminent release [2013?] of the vaccine for horses is progressing
well. Significant collaboration has occurred between USA and Australian
laboratories and commercial business to make this progress. Importantly, the
Australian Animal Health Laboratory at Geelong is the only facility in the
world capable of carrying out horse trials with such a dangerous virus.
7. Currently,
equine parentage is verified by testing a minimum of 12 internationally agreed Simple
Tandem Repeat DNA markers [STaRs], known as the Equine Primary
Panel of STR DNA markers. This has been 100% effective.
Completion of the horse genome sequence
has characterised thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNiPs]. Serious
consideration is being given to using SNiPs as a source of genetic variation,
to confirm parentage, and also inherited conditions such as disease, coat
colour etc and, comparisons between breeds. It is therefore potentially more
comprehensive, but more expensive.
8. Data
were collected from 120 Mongolian horses [average 13.7 hands] used in the 2011 ‘Mongolian
Derby’. None of the horses were subjected to routine hoof trimming! Overall, few conformational abnormalities
were observed. Hoof confirmation represented the natural interaction of the
environment with the hoof.
9. A
natural fungus has potential to reduce worm burdens on pastures. The spores of
the fungus can be fed in a supplement, it then subsequently germinates in the
faeces, creating a fungal web [hypae] that traps and kills emerging worm larvae
– stopping the usual progression onto pasture.
10. As
some of you well know, hairy caterpillars have for 10+ years been implicated in
abortions with episodic 5-10year cycles. Science has now verified the serious
issue implicating the fine hairs of the exoskeleton [setae – with small barbs] which
when accidently ingested will rapidly migrate from the mares gut. Setae travel
throughout the body of the mare and facilitate bacterial infection of the
placenta and foetus resulting in death. Ecology to these hairy processionary
caterpillars now highlights the importance of destroying white spherical ‘golf
ball’ egg nests and the larger dark cream coloured larvae nests if they are
found in paddocks containing brood mares. Personal care not to make contact is
emphasised.
More than 50 presentations were all advancing the science
and welfare of our horses. Further information can be given if you have a
particular query. Best regards Rod Stephenson 0414696701
No comments:
Post a Comment